Farqiga u dhexeeya budada ku salaysan birta iyo budada ku salaysan nikkel ee dahaarka laysarka

Dahaarka laysarka ee qaybaha birta la shubay, doorashada budada ku salaysan birta iyo budada ku salaysan nikkel waxay si toos ah u saamaysaa waxqabadka, xaaladaha codsiga iyo kharashka lakabka dahaarka. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya labada waxaa lagu muujiyay halabuurka, waxqabadka, la qabsiga habka iyo xaaladaha codsiga, sida soo socota:

1. Kala duwanaanshaha maaddooyinka

2. Isbarbardhigga Waxqabadka Aasaasiga ah

1) Sifooyinka farsamada

Budada birta ku salaysan:

• Adkayn sare (HRC 30-60, oo leh hagaajin halabuurka, Cr sare, nooca Mo wuxuu gaari karaa HRC 50 ama ka sareeya), iska caabin wanaagsan oo xirasho ah;

• Xoogga wuxuu u dhow yahay kan matrix-ka birta la shubay (xoogga jiidista 500-1000MPa), iswaafajinta birta oo ka wanaagsan birta la shubay, xoogga isku xidhka ee u dhexeeya lakabka dahaarka iyo matrix-ku waa sarreeyaa (badanaa >300MPa);

• Jilicsanaanta dhexdhexaadka ah, moodooyinka adag ee sare waxay yeelan karaan xasaasiyad gaar ah oo dildilaac ah (habka dahaarka ayaa loo baahan yahay in la xakameeyo si loo yareeyo walbahaarka).

Budada ku salaysan nikkel:

• Adkaanta dhexdhexaadka ah (HRC 20-45, nooca daawaha hooseeya waa jilicsan yahay, Cr sare, nooca W wuxuu gaari karaa HRC 40-50), laakiin adkeysi aad u fiican, iska caabin saameyn oo ka wanaagsan budada birta ku salaysan;

• Xoogga jiidista ayaa ka hooseeya budada birta ku salaysan ee birta ah (400-800MPa), laakiin balaastignimo ka wanaagsan (dheeraad ah> 10%, budada birta ku salaysan badanaa waa

• Xoogga isku xidhka oo yara hooseeya marka la isticmaalayo birta la shubay (badanaa 200-300MPa), laakiin xasaasiyad dildilaaca oo hooseeya, ma fududa in la soo saaro dildilaaca qabow (sababtoo ah adkaanta iyo astaamaha cadaadiska hooseeya ee nikkel).

2) Iska caabbinta daxalka

Budada ku salaysan birta: iska caabbinta daxalka dhexdhexaadka ah. Budada caadiga ah ee ku salaysan birta (Cr hooseeya) waxay leedahay iska caabbin wanaagsan oo ku wajahan daxalka jawiga iyo biyaha macaan, laakiin waxay u nugul tahay miridhku inuu ku jiro deegaannada aashitada iyo alkaline. Nooca Cr sare (Cr ka badan 12%) wuxuu hagaajiyay iska caabbinta daxalka, laakiin weli ma fiicna sida budada ku salaysan nikkel.

Budada ku salaysan nikkel: iska caabin aad u fiican oo daxalka ah, gaar ahaan jawiga heerkulka sare, qoyaanka, aashitada iyo alkaline (sida aashitada dabiiciga ah, alkali daciif ah) (sababtoo ah Ni iyo Cr waxay sameeyaan filim oksaydh cufan), oo ku habboon xaaladaha daxalka.

3) Iska caabbinta kulaylka

Budada ku salaysan birta: iska caabbinta kulaylka guud, heerkulka shaqada ee muddada dheer badanaa waa

Budada ku salaysan nikkel: iska caabbinta kulaylka oo xooggan, waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqayn kartaa jawi heerkul sare ah oo ah 600-1000℃ (sida budada ku salaysan nikkel oo ka kooban walxaha Cr iyo W, ka-hortagga oksaydhka iyo iska caabbinta daalka kulaylka oo aad u fiican).

4) La jaanqaadida shaxda birta la shubay

Budada ku salaysan birta: u dhow isku-darka ballaarinta kulaylka ee birta la shubay (Fe-ku salaysan) (budada ku salaysan birta waa qiyaastii 11-14×10⁻⁶/℃, birta la shubay waa qiyaastii 10-12×10⁻⁶/℃), cadaadis yar oo kuleyl ah inta lagu jiro dahaarka, ma fududa in la jabiyo sababtoo ah farqiga ballaarinta kulaylka (gaar ahaan ku habboon lakabka dahaarka qaro weyn).

Budada ku salaysan nikkel: Isugeynta ballaarinta kulaylka waa mid aad u sarreysa (qiyaastii 13-16×10⁻⁶/℃), taas oo wax yar ka duwan birta la shubay. Way fududahay in la jabiyo sababtoo ah cadaadiska kulaylka inta lagu jiro dahaarka qaro weyn, kaas oo u baahan in la yareeyo kuleylinta hore, qaboojinta gaabiska ah ama dahaarka lakabka leh.

3. Kala duwanaanshaha la qabsiga habka

Budada birta ku salaysan:

• Xasaasiyadda hoose ee awoodda laysarka, dareeraha dhexdhexaadka ah ee barkadda dhalaalaysa, si fudud loo samayn karo lakab dahaadh fidsan;

• Waxay ka kooban tahay walxo oksaydheeya sida Si iyo B, waxay leedahay dulqaad sare oo ku saabsan wasakhda sida C iyo S ee birta la shubay (ma fududa in la soo saaro daloolada);

• Heerka kala-barashada ee lakabka dahaarka (saamiga birta salka ah ee lagu qasay lakabka dahaarka) way adag tahay in la xakameeyo, badanaa waa la xakameeyaa 10%-20% (aad u sarreeya ayaa laga yaabaa inay yareyso adkaanta).

Budada ku salaysan nikkel:

• Heerka nuugista laysarka oo sarreeya, dareere wanaagsan oo barkadda dhalaalaysa (gaar ahaan budada ku salaysan nikkel oo ka kooban B iyo Si), si fudud loo gaari karo lakab khafiif ah oo isku mid ah oo dahaadh ah;

• Xasaasi u ah C birta la shubay. Haddii matrixku leeyahay kaarboon sare (sida birta la shubay ee cawlan), way fududahay in la sameeyo marxalado jajaban (sida kaarboohaydraytyada shabakadda) sababtoo ah faafitaanka C ee lakabka dahaarka. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si adag loo xakameeyo xuduudaha laysarka (sida yareynta awoodda iyo kordhinta xawaaraha sawir-qaadista) si loo yareeyo heerka milmida (badanaa waxaa loo baahan yahay inuu ka yaraado 10%);

• Way fududahay in lala falgalo sulfur (S) oo ku jirta birta la shubay si loo sameeyo eutectic dhalaalaysa oo hooseeya (sida Ni₃S₂), taasoo keenta dildilaac kuleyl. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la hubiyo in sulfide-ka dusha sare laga saaro inta lagu jiro daaweynta ka hor qaybaha birta la shubay.

4. Xaaladaha kharashka iyo codsiga

Soo Koobid

• Budada ku salaysan birta ayaa la doorbidaa: marka la raadiyo kharash yar iyo iska caabin sare oo xirasho ah, xaaladaha shaqaduna aysan u baahnayn daxal xooggan ama heerkul sare (sida hagaajinta qaybaha farsamada caadiga ah).

• Budada ku salaysan nikkel ayaa la doorbidaa: marka loo baahdo iska caabbinta daxalka, iska caabbinta kulaylka ama adkeysiga sare, kharashyo badanna waa la aqbali karaa (sida xoojinta qaybaha birta la shubay ee saxda ah xaaladaha shaqada ee gaarka ah).